Role of Occupational Therapy in Neurological Recovery

Occupational therapy plays an important role in neurological recovery after any neurological deficits arise due to congenital anomalies in brain functioning, or acquired injury to the brain at any stage of life. There are lot many theories & postulates regarding neurological recovery after neurological insult. 

The brain has a great capacity to modify or rewire itself desirably. Many scholars have advocated the potential of neuroplasticity in the brain. 

The Hibbian theory of learning also known as Hebb’s rule or Cell assembling theory gives the neurological & psychological basis for new learning. According to the theory, neurons fire together and wire together. It means the firing of neuron A evokes action potential in neuron B leading to a stronger learning pattern. 

However neurons A & neuron B fire simultaneously and then build stronger connections of older learning which ultimately changes in habituation or habitual pattern. Motor recovery after neurological insults can be described by four underlying mechanisms: 

1. Salvation of penumbral tissues by the medical management in acute care, 

2. Maintenance of diaschisis, which means distant connectivity of axon 

3. Learning dependent neuroplasticity,  

4. Behavioural compensation strategies. 

Understanding neurological recovery has a great deal with the pattern & time duration of recovery as well as the prognosis of the condition. It will also help in designing & practising evidence-based practice in clinical setup.

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