Pediatric Rehabilitation & Occupational Therapy

  


Cerebral palsy is the most common cause of disability in infants & children. It is found that 10 percent of the total population has some form of disability from different causes. Nearly 15 to 20 percent of this disability is due to cerebral palsy. In India, it is estimated that incidence of 3 infants with CP in every 1000 live births.

Diagnosis of cerebral palsy is mainly done based on clinical presentation. There is no need for any medical test like a blood test or radio imaging. But in some cases, medical professionals suggested to do an MRI if they have to rule out some other conditions or if the history of childbirth is not available. The gross motor functional classification system (GMFCS) is used to classify the severity of cerebral palsy. Peabody Developmental Measurement Scale (PDMS) is used to assess the gross motor & fine motor ability of children with cerebral palsy.

Cerebral palsy can be classified into 4 categories based on muscle tone. 1. Spastic CP- In spastic cerebral palsy muscle tone of infants is increased than normal. Spastic CP is the most common type of Cerebral Palsy, 2. Flaccid CP- Flaccid cerebral palsy is the rarest type of CP, in which the muscle tone of infants is lower than normal. Generally, they turn into the athetoid type of CP in the later stage of life. In flaccid CP there is always a risk of atlantoaxial dislocation which may cause secondary disability. 3. Athetoid CP- Athetoid CP is a condition that mainly occurs due to damage in the basal ganglion or if there is a history of neonatal jaundice. In athetoid CP infants have fluctuation of muscle tone from low to high or normal to high. Kids display a choreoathetoid movement or writhing movement. Fluctuation of muscle tone increases when kids are anxious or they change their body position. 4. Ataxic CP- Ataxic CP occurs mainly due to involvement of the cerebellar area of the brain. Infants show marked in-coordination in upper & lower limb movements.

On the basis of the topography of disability CP can be divided as 1. Diplegic CP- It is the most common type of CP, in which the lower limb involves more than the upper limb, 2. Quadriplegic CP- In quadriplegic CP all 4 limbs and trunks are involved. The prognosis of quadriplegic CP is not good as compared to other subtypes of CP due to the involvement of all 4 limbs & trunk. 3. Triplegic CP- In triplegic CP, three limbs are involved, it may be two upper limbs & one lower limb or one upper limb & two lower limbs. There type of presentation is very rare. 4. Monologic CP- In monologic CP only one limb of either upper or lower limb is involved. The prognosis of monologic CP is good. 5. Hemiplegic CP- In hemiplegic CP one side of body is involved either the Right or Left side.

Pediatric occupational therapist plays an important role in the rehabilitation of children and adults with cerebral palsy. A qualified Occupational Therapist has a degree of Bachelor in Occupational Therapy (B.O.T.). Bachelor in Occupational Therapy is a four-and-a-half-year course. Pediatric Occupational therapists may have other qualifications like Master in Occupational Therapy (M.O.T.), and Doctor in Philosophy (Ph.D. in Occupational Therapy). Occupational Therapist works on the gross motor, Fine motor & communication skills of children and adults with cerebral palsy in the early stages. In a later stage occupational therapists work on activities of daily living, and functional mobility with or without the support of orthosis and assistive devices. Vocational training is also an important area of work in adults with cerebral palsy.

Visit: https://www.rosalinchilddevelopment.com/occupational-therapy-in-lucknow

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Location: D, 1/106, Vibhav Khand, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226010, India

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